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Rinus Michels, the Dutch soccer coach who laid the basis for what, in the early 1970s, become known as “total football”, has died after complications from heart surgery, aged 77. The true architect of the famous Holland and Ajax teams of the 1970s and 1980s, he had similar success with Barcelona. Though he never, as a manager, won a World Cup, he and his protege, the coruscating centre-forward Johan Cruyff, could hardly have come closer than they did in Munich in 1974.

Michels was a centre-forward of no mean attributes, making an extraordinary debut for Ajax, the club in his home town of Amsterdam, as an 18-year-old in June 1946. Ajax defeated ADO in the Hague 8-3, Michels scoring five goals. He went on to play in 10 Dutch championship matches that season, scoring seven goals, though Ajax were just pipped to the title by Haarlem. The following season, thanks in no small measure to Michels’ goals, they won it.

In March 1950, Michels was among the Ajax stars who took part in the Ajax In Gold 50th anniversary revue, though the season ended in anticlimax when, in May, his club lost an away game against Heerenveen 6-5, having been 5-1 ahead. Dutch football then was still all-amateur. Michels played 269 times for Ajax and scored 121 goals. He won another championship medal in 1957, and five caps with the national side. He retired to become a gymnastics teacher.

Then in January 1965, Ajax dismissed their jaunty English coach, Vic Buckingham, appointing Michels in his place. The Ajax season had gone badly until then, but three days later, Michels, the first full-time Dutch manager, made a spectacular start, with his new charges beating MVV 9-3.

With the 17-year-old Cruyff emerging as an astonishing talent, Ajax, under Michels’ stern regime, went from strength to strength. In Dec- ember 1966, in a European Cup match played at their Olympic stadium, they thrashed the English champions, Liverpool, 5-1, eliciting from Liverpool’s manager Bill Shankly the memorable response that it was sad to see a home team playing so defensively.

Piet Keizer, the gifted Ajax outside-left, reflected: “When Michels took over, he changed the playing staff considerably, and he changed the training even more. His was the hardest physical preparation I ever had. We sometimes had four sessions a day. He also introduced the Italian system of taking the players away for a period of concentrated training before a big match. We would start work in the morning and carry on until the evening.

“He was by no means a miserable man, but he was very strict with the players and there were lots of arguments about discipline. The message was pretty clear; those who did not like it would have to leave.”

Michels, whose classically Dutch features, with obdurate nose and chin, would not have looked out of place in a Rembrandt, embraced a squad system, with 16 or so players to choose from. He encouraged his full-backs to attack, and the underlying philosophy, or goal of “total football”, was one of complete versatility. He led Ajax to the Dutch championship in 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1970, and took the Dutch cup in 1967, 1970 and 1971.

Ajax got to the European Cup final in Madrid in 1969, but their team had yet to reach its peak, and Milan won 4-1. Of Michels, his left-back, Theo Van Duivenbode, said: “He was an expert in planning the tactics before a match and preparing players physically and mentally.” After Madrid, Michels sold Van Duivenbode and brought in the more powerful Ruud Krol, who would also excel as a sweeper.

Two years later, Ajax won the European Cup final, easily beating the Greeks of Panathinaikos at Wembley, and Michels promptly left them for Barcelona. The new coach, Romanian Stefan Kovacs, responded more sympathetically to his players’ demands for increased flexibility, and the “total football” team went on to win two more European Cups, in 1972 and 1973.

Meanwhile, the Dutch nat- ional team qualified for the World Cup finals in West Germany, but with its players clamouring for more money, all was chaos until Michels took over. Calm and discipline were quickly restored, and a brilliant Dutch side, inspired by Cruyff and the forceful Johan Neeskens, swept to the final.

Had Barry Hulshoff, who had been Michels’ centre- half at Ajax, been fit, had the Dutch not relaxed after scoring so early, had Johnny Rep not missed an easy chance before half-time, perhaps Holland would have won. In the event, they were beaten 2-1 by West Germany. But had Michels not taken over, telling dissident players that those not satisfied with the financial terms could stay behind, it is doubtful if the Dutch would have got as far as they did.

Under Michels’ aegis, Ajax set up a coaching system which became the envy of the world game. Boys joined it to be expertly coached and carefully supervised to full maturity. Technique was prized and promoted.

In June 1988, Michels was sufficiently recovered from heart surgery to take charge of the Dutch team in the European championship finals in West Germany. Surprisingly, he omitted the outstanding centre-forward Marco Van Basten, Cruyff’s natural heir at Ajax, from the line-up against Russia in the opening game. True, Van Basten, by then with AC Milan, had missed most of that season through injury, but he had returned impressively for the last few games.

Restored to the Dutch team, Van Basten made an immediate impact, and in the final in Munich, again against the Russians, scored a stupendous right-footed volleyed goal from an acute angle. With other Milan stars in Ruud Gullit and Frank Rijkaard resplendent, Holland triumphed 2-0.

Two years later, still working for the Dutch Federation, Michels was not in charge of the team that went to the 1990 World Cup finals in Italy. The job went to Leo Beenhakker, an altogether less authoritarian coach. Michels himself did go along with the squad, and perhaps it was some resulting tension that undermined the Dutch performance. The team laboured through the qualifying stages, going down against Germany 2-1 in an exciting second round match.

But there is no doubt that Michels, over the years, was the dominant figure in Dutch football. In 1999, he was named FIFA coach of the century.

· Marinus Hendrikus Jacobus Michels, football coach, born February 9 1928; died March 3 2005

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